Eun Jeong Oh

Risk Prediction for Partially Heterogeneous Subgroups via Fusion

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Authors

EJ Oh1, R Li2, RB Parikh1, J Chen1

  1. University of Pennsylvania
  2. Penn State University

Abstract

Accurate risk modeling using electronic health record (EHR) data is challenging partly because of variation in baseline risk and risk predictors across patient subgroups. Such risk heterogeneity, if left unrecognized, can lead to unfair prediction with compromised accuracy. While this challenge can be overcome by developing separate models across subgroups, the data for many subgroups is usually not sufficiently rich in reality. Recognizing that subgroups may share some common predictors, we propose a partially heterogeneous model that includes predictors that is common to all groups while allowing type- specific prognostic factors. The model is fitted by extending a fusion technique that encourages similarities among group-specific parameters of the common predictor while selecting group-specific prognostic factors from the high-dimensional EHR variables. We derive the upper bounds on the error measured in ℓ2-norm regarding local optima of the estimators. Results from extensive simulation studies show that our method greatly improves model calibration across subgroups and accurately identifies subgroup specific risk predictors. The proposed method is applied to predict short-term risk of mortality using structured data extracted from EHRs for oncology patients in the University of Pennsylvania Health System.

Keywords

Risk prediction, Heterogeneity, Fused lasso, Electronic health records, Variable selection

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